![]() This discussion illustrates what the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas calls preunderstanding, a set of expectations and assumptions from previous experience that we apply to a new problem or situation. You need to read the maps as closely as possibly in order to be able to communicate from common ground. Your audience has a mental road map that includes values, experiences, beliefs, strategies to deal with challenges, even scripts for behavioral expectations. The mental state where you could not see it, or perceive it, is gone. It’ll be hard because now that you know where it is, you have a mental road map that leads you to the solution. Look at the puzzle again and see if you can avoid seeing the solution. These differences in perspective influence communication and your ability to recognize not only your point of view but theirs will help you become “other-oriented” and improve communication. The degree to which you can tailor your message to their needs will be associated with an increase in the overall effectiveness of your message. When speaking or writing, your style, tone, and word choice all influence the reader. Even though your sales message might focus on a product like a car, or a service like car washing, preconceived ideas about both will need to be addressed.įor example, how many advertisements have you seen on television that have a song from specific time period, like the 1980s, or perhaps the 1960s? The music is a clear example of targeting a specific audience with something distinctive, like a familiar song. In terms of words to use to communicate ideas, references to music or movies, even expectations for behaviors when dating, their mental “road map” may be quite different from yours. Imagine that you are doing a sales presentation to a group where the average age is much older or younger than you. ![]() You may find it hard to drive on the other side of the road while visiting England, but for people in the United Kingdom, it is normal and natural. Neither is right or wrong, simply different. If you read and write Arabic or Hebrew, you will proceed from right to left. Why not the bottom right corner, or the top right one? In English we read left to right, from the top of the page to the bottom. Where did you start reading on this page? The top left corner. Reading from right to left (not left to right), and bottom to top (not top to bottom), the hidden message reads: Your perspective influences how you perceive your world. While there are many ways to solve this puzzle, there is only one right answer (McLean, 2003). If you deciphered the hidden message, how did you do it? You may have tried looking for words that were diagonal or backwards, using skills you learned solving similar puzzles in the past. Look at the fourth of the Note 3.1 “Introductory Exercises” for this chapter. ![]() Explain how interpretation influences our perceptions.Describe several principles of organization.Describe the process of selection and the factors that influence it.
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